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<title>MultiMediaCard</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">MultiMediaCard</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="SD_card" title="SD card">SD card</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">MultiMediaCard</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">32 <a href="Megabyte" title="Megabyte">MB</a> MMCplus card</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Memory_card" title="Memory card">Memory card</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">Up to 512 GB</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed<span class="nowrap"> </span>by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="JEDEC" title="JEDEC">JEDEC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dimensions</th><td class="infobox-data">32 × 24 × 1.4 mm (1.3 × 0.9 × 0.1 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weight</th><td class="infobox-data">2 g (0.071 oz)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Usage</th><td class="infobox-data">Portable devices</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Extended<span class="nowrap"> </span>to</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Secure_Digital" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Digital">Secure Digital</a> (SD)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Released</th><td class="infobox-data">1997</td></tr></tbody></table>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="Computer_memory" title="Computer memory">Computer memory</a> and <a href="Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">data storage</a> types</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">General</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Memory_cell_(computing)" title="Memory cell (computing)">Memory cell</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_coherence" title="Memory coherence">Memory coherence</a></li>

<li><a href="Cache_coherence" title="Cache coherence">Cache coherence</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_hierarchy" title="Memory hierarchy">Memory hierarchy</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_access_pattern" title="Memory access pattern">Memory access pattern</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_map" title="Memory map">Memory map</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_data_storage#Secondary_storage" title="Computer data storage">Secondary storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Semiconductor_memory" title="Semiconductor memory">MOS memory</a>

<ul><li><a href="Floating-gate_MOSFET" title="Floating-gate MOSFET">floating-gate</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Continuous_availability" title="Continuous availability">Continuous availability</a></li>

<li><a href="Areal_density_(computer_storage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Areal density (computer storage)">Areal density (computer storage)</a></li>

<li><a href="Block_(data_storage)" title="Block (data storage)">Block (data storage)</a></li>

<li><a href="Object_storage" title="Object storage">Object storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Direct-attached_storage" title="Direct-attached storage">Direct-attached storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">Network-attached storage</a>

<ul><li><a href="Storage_area_network" title="Storage area network">Storage area network</a></li>

<li><a href="Block-level_storage" title="Block-level storage">Block-level storage</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Single-instance_storage" title="Single-instance storage">Single-instance storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_model" title="Data model">Structured data</a></li>

<li><a href="Unstructured_data" title="Unstructured data">Unstructured data</a></li>

<li><a href="Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_compression" title="Data compression">Data compression</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_corruption" title="Data corruption">Data corruption</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_cleansing" title="Data cleansing">Data cleansing</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_degradation" title="Data degradation">Data degradation</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_integrity" title="Data integrity">Data integrity</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_security" title="Data security">Data security</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_validation" title="Data validation">Data validation</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_validation_and_reconciliation" title="Data validation and reconciliation">Data validation and reconciliation</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_recovery" title="Data recovery">Data recovery</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">Storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_cluster" class="mw-redirect" title="Data cluster">Data cluster</a></li>

<li><a href="Directory_(computing)" title="Directory (computing)">Directory</a></li>

<li><a href="Shared_resource" title="Shared resource">Shared resource</a></li>

<li><a href="File_sharing" title="File sharing">File sharing</a></li>

<li><a href="File_system" title="File system">File system</a></li>

<li><a href="Clustered_file_system" title="Clustered file system">Clustered file system</a></li>

<li><a href="Clustered_file_system#Distributed_file_systems" title="Clustered file system">Distributed file system</a></li>

<li><a href="Distributed_file_system_for_cloud" title="Distributed file system for cloud">Distributed file system for cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Distributed_data_store" title="Distributed data store">Distributed data store</a></li>

<li><a href="Distributed_database" title="Distributed database">Distributed database</a></li>

<li><a href="Database" title="Database">Database</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_storage" title="Data storage">Data storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_store" title="Data store">Data store</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_deduplication" title="Data deduplication">Data deduplication</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_structure" title="Data structure">Data structure</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_redundancy" title="Data redundancy">Data redundancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Replication_(computing)" title="Replication (computing)">Replication (computing)</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_refresh" title="Memory refresh">Memory refresh</a></li>

<li><a href="Storage_record" title="Storage record">Storage record</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_repository" title="Information repository">Information repository</a></li>

<li><a href="Knowledge_base" title="Knowledge base">Knowledge base</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_file" title="Computer file">Computer file</a></li>

<li><a href="Object_file" title="Object file">Object file</a></li>

<li><a href="File_deletion" title="File deletion">File deletion</a></li>

<li><a href="File_copying" title="File copying">File copying</a></li>

<li><a href="Backup" title="Backup">Backup</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_communication" title="Data communication">Data communication</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_transfer" title="Information transfer">Information transfer</a></li>

<li><a href="Temporary_file" title="Temporary file">Temporary file</a></li>

<li><a href="Copy_protection" title="Copy protection">Copy protection</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">Digital rights management</a></li>

<li><a href="Volume_(computing)" title="Volume (computing)">Volume (computing)</a></li>

<li><a href="Boot_sector" title="Boot sector">Boot sector</a></li>

<li><a href="Master_boot_record" title="Master boot record">Master boot record</a></li>

<li><a href="Volume_boot_record" title="Volume boot record">Volume boot record</a></li>

<li><a href="GUID_Partition_Table" title="GUID Partition Table">GUID Partition Table</a></li>

<li><a href="Disk_array" title="Disk array">Disk array</a></li>

<li><a href="Disk_image" title="Disk image">Disk image</a></li>

<li><a href="Disk_mirroring" title="Disk mirroring">Disk mirroring</a></li>

<li><a href="Disk_aggregation" title="Disk aggregation">Disk aggregation</a></li>

<li><a href="Disk_partitioning" title="Disk partitioning">Disk partitioning</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_segmentation" title="Memory segmentation">Memory segmentation</a></li>

<li><a href="Locality_of_reference" title="Locality of reference">Locality of reference</a></li>

<li><a href="Logical_disk" title="Logical disk">Logical disk</a></li>

<li><a href="Storage_virtualization" title="Storage virtualization">Storage virtualization</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_memory" title="Virtual memory">Virtual memory</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory-mapped_file" title="Memory-mapped file">Memory-mapped file</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_entropy" class="mw-redirect" title="Software entropy">Software entropy</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_rot" title="Software rot">Software rot</a></li>

<li><a href="In-memory_database" title="In-memory database">In-memory database</a></li>

<li><a href="In-memory_processing" title="In-memory processing">In-memory processing</a></li>

<li><a href="Persistence_(computer_science)" title="Persistence (computer science)">Persistence (computer science)</a></li>

<li><a href="Persistent_data_structure" title="Persistent data structure">Persistent data structure</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-RAID_drive_architectures" title="Non-RAID drive architectures">Non-RAID drive architectures</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_paging" title="Memory paging">Memory paging</a></li>

<li><a href="Bank_switching" title="Bank switching">Bank switching</a></li>

<li><a href="Grid_computing" title="Grid computing">Grid computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud_storage" title="Cloud storage">Cloud storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Fog_computing" title="Fog computing">Fog computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Edge_computing" title="Edge computing">Edge computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Dew_computing" title="Dew computing">Dew computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Amdahl's_law" title="Amdahl's law">Amdahl's law</a></li>

<li><a href="Moore's_law" title="Moore's law">Moore's law</a></li>

<li><a href="Mark_Kryder#Kryder's_law_projection" title="Mark Kryder">Kryder's law</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

<a href="Volatile_memory" title="Volatile memory">Volatile</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Cache_(computing)#HARDWARE" title="Cache (computing)">Hardware cache</a>

<ul><li><a href="CPU_cache" title="CPU cache">CPU cache</a></li>

<li><a href="Scratchpad_memory" title="Scratchpad memory">Scratchpad memory</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="EDRAM" title="EDRAM">eDRAM</a></li>

<li><a href="Synchronous_dynamic_random-access_memory" title="Synchronous dynamic random-access memory">SDRAM</a></li>

<li><a href="Synchronous_dynamic_random-access_memory#Synchronous_Graphics_RAM_(SGRAM)" title="Synchronous dynamic random-access memory">SGRAM</a></li>

<li><a href="LPDDR" title="LPDDR">LPDDR</a></li>

<li><a href="Quad_Data_Rate_SRAM" title="Quad Data Rate SRAM">QDRSRAM</a></li>

<li><a href="RDRAM" title="RDRAM">RDRAM</a></li>

<li><a href="Resistive_random-access_memory" title="Resistive random-access memory">ReRAM</a></li>

<li><a href="Content-addressable_memory" title="Content-addressable memory">Content-addressable memory</a> (CAM)</li>

<li><a href="Computational_RAM" title="Computational RAM">Computational RAM</a></li>

<li><a href="Dual-ported_RAM" title="Dual-ported RAM">Dual-ported RAM</a>

<ul><li><a href="Video_RAM_(dual-ported_DRAM)" class="mw-redirect" title="Video RAM (dual-ported DRAM)">Video RAM (dual-ported DRAM)</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Historical</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Williams_tube" title="Williams tube">Williams–Kilburn tube</a> (1946–1947)</li>

<li><a href="Delay-line_memory" title="Delay-line memory">Delay-line memory</a> (1947)</li>

<li><a href="Mellon_optical_memory" title="Mellon optical memory">Mellon optical memory</a> (1951)</li>

<li><a href="Selectron_tube" title="Selectron tube">Selectron tube</a> (1952)</li>

<li><a href="Dekatron" title="Dekatron">Dekatron</a></li>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

<a href="Non-volatile_memory" title="Non-volatile memory">Non-volatile</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Diode_matrix" title="Diode matrix">Diode matrix</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="EPROM" title="EPROM">EPROM</a></li>

<li><a href="EEPROM" title="EEPROM">EEPROM</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="ROM_cartridge" title="ROM cartridge">ROM cartridge</a></li>

<li><a href="Solid-state_storage" title="Solid-state storage">Solid-state storage</a> (SSS)

<ul><li><a href="Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">Flash memory</a> is used in:</li>

<li><a href="Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">Solid-state drive</a> (SSD)</li>

<li><a href="Solid-state_hybrid_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid-state hybrid drive">Solid-state hybrid drive</a> (SSHD)</li>

<li><a href="USB_flash_drive" title="USB flash drive">USB flash drive</a></li>

<li><a href="IBM_FlashSystem" title="IBM FlashSystem">IBM FlashSystem</a></li>

<li><a href="Flash_Core_Module" title="Flash Core Module">Flash Core Module</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Memory_card" title="Memory card">Memory card</a>

<ul><li><a href="Memory_Stick" title="Memory Stick">Memory Stick</a></li>

<li><a href="CompactFlash" title="CompactFlash">CompactFlash</a></li>

<li><a href="SmartMedia" title="SmartMedia">SmartMedia</a></li>

<li><a href="Universal_Flash_Storage" title="Universal Flash Storage">Universal Flash Storage</a></li>

<li><a href="MicroP2" title="MicroP2">MicroP2</a></li>

<li><a href="Programmable_metallization_cell" title="Programmable metallization cell">Programmable metallization cell</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Non-volatile_random-access_memory" title="Non-volatile random-access memory">NVRAM</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Memistor" title="Memistor">Memistor</a></li>

<li><a href="Memristor" title="Memristor">Memristor</a></li>

<li><a href="Phase-change_memory" title="Phase-change memory">PCM</a> (<a href="3D_XPoint" title="3D XPoint">3D XPoint</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Electrochemical_RAM" title="Electrochemical RAM">Electrochemical RAM</a> (ECRAM)</li>

<li><a href="Programmable_metallization_cell" title="Programmable metallization cell">CBRAM</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Early-stage <a href="Non-volatile_random-access_memory" title="Non-volatile random-access memory">NVRAM</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Ferroelectric_RAM" title="Ferroelectric RAM">FeRAM</a></li>

<li><a href="Resistive_random-access_memory" title="Resistive random-access memory">ReRAM</a></li>

<li><a href="Fe_FET" title="Fe FET">FeFET memory</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Analog_recording" title="Analog recording">Analog recording</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Phonograph_cylinder" title="Phonograph cylinder">Phonograph cylinder</a></li>

<li><a href="Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">Phonograph record</a></li>

<li><a href="Quadruplex_videotape" title="Quadruplex videotape">Quadruplex videotape</a></li>

<li><a href="Vision_Electronic_Recording_Apparatus" title="Vision Electronic Recording Apparatus">Vision Electronic Recording Apparatus</a></li>

<li><a href="Magnetic_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic recording">Magnetic recording</a>

<ul><li><a href="Magnetic_storage" title="Magnetic storage">Magnetic storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">Magnetic tape</a></li>

<li><a href="Magnetic-tape_data_storage" title="Magnetic-tape data storage">Magnetic-tape data storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Tape_drive" title="Tape drive">Tape drive</a></li>

<li><a href="Tape_library" title="Tape library">Tape library</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_Data_Storage" title="Digital Data Storage">Digital Data Storage</a> (DDS)</li>

<li><a href="Videotape" title="Videotape">Videotape</a></li>

<li><a href="Cassette_tape" title="Cassette tape">Cassette tape</a></li>

<li><a href="Linear_Tape-Open" title="Linear Tape-Open">Linear Tape-Open</a></li>

<li><a href="Betamax" title="Betamax">Betamax</a></li>

<li><a href="8_mm_video_format" title="8 mm video format">8 mm video format</a></li>

<li><a href="MiniDV" class="mw-redirect" title="MiniDV">MiniDV</a></li>

<li><a href="MicroMV" title="MicroMV">MicroMV</a></li>

<li><a href="U-matic" title="U-matic">U-matic</a></li>

<li><a href="Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">Hard disk drive</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Optical_storage" title="Optical storage">Optical</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="3D_optical_data_storage" title="3D optical data storage">3D optical data storage</a>

<ul><li><a href="Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">Optical disc</a></li>

<li><a href="LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">LaserDisc</a></li>

<li><a href="Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio" title="Compact Disc Digital Audio">Compact Disc Digital Audio</a> (CDDA)</li>

<li><a href="CD_Video" title="CD Video">CD Video</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_CD" title="Video CD">Video CD</a></li>

<li><a href="Super_Video_CD" title="Super Video CD">Super Video CD</a></li>

<li><a href="Nintendo_optical_discs" title="Nintendo optical discs">Nintendo optical discs</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyper_CD-ROM" title="Hyper CD-ROM">Hyper CD-ROM</a></li>

<li><a href="DVD-Video" title="DVD-Video">DVD-Video</a></li>

<li><a href="MiniDVD" title="MiniDVD">MiniDVD</a></li>

<li><a href="Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a></li>

<li><a href="Holographic_Versatile_Disc" title="Holographic Versatile Disc">Holographic Versatile Disc</a></li></ul></li>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">In development</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Programmable_metallization_cell" title="Programmable metallization cell">CBRAM</a></li>

<li><a href="Racetrack_memory" title="Racetrack memory">Racetrack memory</a></li>

<li><a href="Millipede_memory" title="Millipede memory">Millipede memory</a></li>

<li><a href="Electrochemical_RAM" title="Electrochemical RAM">ECRAM</a></li>

<li><a href="Patterned_media" title="Patterned media">Patterned media</a></li>

<li><a href="Holographic_data_storage" title="Holographic data storage">Holographic data storage</a>

<ul><li><a href="Electronic_quantum_holography" title="Electronic quantum holography">Electronic quantum holography</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="5D_optical_data_storage" title="5D optical data storage">5D optical data storage</a></li>

<li><a href="DNA_digital_data_storage" title="DNA digital data storage">DNA digital data storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Universal_memory" title="Universal memory">Universal memory</a></li>

<li><a href="Time_crystal" title="Time crystal">Time crystal</a></li>

<li><a href="Quantum_memory" title="Quantum memory">Quantum memory</a></li>

<li><a href="UltraRAM" title="UltraRAM">UltraRAM</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Historical</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Paper_data_storage" title="Paper data storage">Paper data storage</a> (1725)</li>

<li><a href="Punched_card" title="Punched card">Punched card</a> (1725)</li>

<li><a href="Punched_tape" title="Punched tape">Punched tape</a> (1725)</li>

<li><a href="Plugboard" title="Plugboard">Plugboard</a></li>

<li><a href="Drum_memory" title="Drum memory">Drum memory</a> (1932)</li>

<li><a href="Magnetic-core_memory" title="Magnetic-core memory">Magnetic-core memory</a> (1949)</li>

<li><a href="Plated-wire_memory" title="Plated-wire memory">Plated-wire memory</a> (1957)</li>

<li><a href="Core_rope_memory" title="Core rope memory">Core rope memory</a> (1960s)</li>

<li><a href="Thin-film_memory" title="Thin-film memory">Thin-film memory</a> (1962)</li>

<li><a href="Twistor_memory" title="Twistor memory">Twistor memory</a> (~1968)</li>

<li><a href="Bubble_memory" title="Bubble memory">Bubble memory</a> (~1970)</li>

<li><a href="Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">Floppy disk</a> (1971)</li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

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<p><b>MultiMediaCard</b> (<b>MMC</b>) is a <a href="Memory_card" title="Memory card">memory card</a> standard used for <a href="Solid-state_storage" title="Solid-state storage">solid-state storage</a>, originally introduced in 1997 by <a href="SanDisk" class="mw-redirect" title="SanDisk">SanDisk</a>, <a href="Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a>, and <a href="Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>. Designed as a compact, low-pin-count, postage‑stamp‑sized card alternative to earlier storage solutions, MMC uses a serial interface and a single memory stack assembly, making it smaller and simpler than high-pin-count, parallel-interface cards such as <a href="CompactFlash" title="CompactFlash">CompactFlash</a>, which was previously developed by SanDisk.

</p><p>It has since evolved into several variants, including the widely used <a href="SD_card" title="SD card">SD card</a> and the eMMC (<a href="Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">embedded</a> MMC) which is soldered directly onto a device's circuit board. While removable MMC cards have largely been supplanted by SD cards, eMMC remains common in low-cost smartphones, tablets, and budget laptops due to its compact size and affordability, despite being slower and less upgradeable than modern solid-state drives

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>In 1994, SanDisk introduced the CompactFlash format, one of the first commercially successful flash memory card types. CompactFlash outpaced competing formats of the time, including the <a href="Miniature_Card" title="Miniature Card">Miniature Card</a> and <a href="SmartMedia" title="SmartMedia">SmartMedia</a>. However, the late 1990s saw a proliferation of proprietary memory card formats, such as <a href="Memory_Stick" title="Memory Stick">Memory Stick</a> from <a href="Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> and the <a href="XD-Picture_Card" title="XD-Picture Card">xD-Picture Card</a> developed by <a href="Olympus_Corporation" title="Olympus Corporation">Olympus</a> and <a href="Fujifilm" title="Fujifilm">Fujifilm</a>, leading to a fragmented and incompatible landscape for removable storage.<sup id="cite_ref-shendar2022_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shendar2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In response to this fragmentation, SanDisk partnered with <a href="Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> and <a href="Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> in 1996 to create a universal, compact memory card standard. The resulting format, known as the MultiMediaCard (MMC), was officially introduced in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-shendar2022_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shendar2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MMC was designed to be significantly smaller than CompactFlash, with a postage stamp-sized form factor, and to use just seven flat electrical contacts and a simplified serial interface, reducing complexity in host devices. The MultiMediaCard Association (MMCA), was founded in 1998 by 14 companies to promote adoption of the format.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Compared to the physically larger CompactFlash, which relied on 50-pin parallel interfaces and traditional surface-mount assembly, MMC offered a more streamlined and mobile-friendly design, which the MMCA hoped would make it attractive for use in portable consumer electronics such as digital cameras, handheld devices, and mobile phones.

</p><p>Despite its technical advantages, MMC adoption was limited. Even Nokia, one of the original backers, was slow to integrate MMC into its popular handsets.<sup id="cite_ref-shendar2022_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shendar2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an effort to boost adoption, the MMCA introduced revised specifications between 2004 and 2007, including reduced power consumption, support for smaller form factors, and increased storage capacities. However, these updates had limited market impact.

</p><p>MMC technology served as the foundation for the development of the <a href="Secure_Digital" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Digital">Secure Digital</a> (SD) card standard. Introduced in 1999 by SanDisk, <a href="Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a>, and <a href="Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a>, SD was based on the MMC electrical interface but added digital rights management (DRM), more durable casing, and a mechanical write-protect switch. These enhancements, along with broad manufacturer support, led SD to surpass MMC in popularity. Many early SD-compatible devices also supported MMC cards.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>MMC's most enduring legacy came in the form of its embedded variant, eMMC (embedded MultiMediaCard). First introduced by the <a href="JEDEC_Solid_State_Technology_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="JEDEC Solid State Technology Association">JEDEC Solid State Technology Association</a> in 2006 with version 4.0 of the standard, eMMC adapted the MMC architecture for non-removable storage integrated directly onto a device’s motherboard.<sup id="cite_ref-TechTarget_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TechTarget-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eMMC format proved especially successful in smartphones, tablets, Chromebooks, and other low-cost computing devices due to its low cost,<sup id="cite_ref-eMMC_Chips_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eMMC_Chips-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> compact size, and adequate performance for basic tasks.<sup id="cite_ref-WindowsCentral2024_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WindowsCentral2024-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>On September 23, 2008, the MMCA formally transferred control of the MMC specification to JEDEC.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While JEDEC continued to update the eMMC standard, removable MMC cards saw little further development.<sup id="cite_ref-WindowsCentral2024_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WindowsCentral2024-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JEDEC_2019_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JEDEC_2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2025, the format has largely faded from use. eMMC itself is gradually being supplanted in performance-oriented applications by newer technologies such as <a href="Universal_Flash_Storage" title="Universal Flash Storage">Universal Flash Storage</a> (UFS) and <a href="Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">solid-state drives</a> (SSDs), although it remains in use in budget-conscious and embedded devices.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="MMC_card_variants">MMC card variants</h2></div>

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</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Top of four types of MMC cards (clockwise from left): MMC, RS-MMC, MMCplus, MMCmobile, metal extender</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Bottom of the same four cards</div></div></div></div></div>

<p><b>Reduced Size MultiMediaCard</b> (<b>RS‑MMC</b>), introduced in 2002,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a smaller variant of MMC, measuring approximately 24 by 18 by 1.4 millimetres (0.945 in × 0.709 in × 0.055 in), about half the height of a standard MMC.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It uses a simple extender to work in standard MMC or SD slots and was available in capacities up to 2 GB. Some manufacturers, including Nokia and Siemens, briefly adopted RS‑MMC in their early <a href="Symbian" title="Symbian">Symbian</a>-based smartphones and tablets.

</p>

<p><b>Dual Voltage MMC</b> (<b>DV‑MMC, also called the Low Voltage MMC</b>) supported 1.8 V alongside the normal 3.3 V operation to reduce power consumption in mobile devices. This variant was first proposed in 2001,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but wasn't widely available until 2004,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was soon overtaken by the more capable MMCplus and MMCmobile formats.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MMCplus,_MMCmobile_and_MMCmicro">MMCplus, MMCmobile and MMCmicro</h3></div>

<p>The <b>MMCplus</b> and <b>MMCmobile</b> formats were introduced in 2004 and the <b>MMCmicro</b> format in 2005 as part of version 4 of the MMC specification with several enhancements to improve performance and better compete with SD cards.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These enhancements included support for higher clock speeds (26 MHz and 52 MHz alongside the normal 20 MHz) and wider data buses (8‑bit alongside the previous 1- and 4‑bit), which combined to enable a 52 Mbit/s transfer rate, alongside dual-voltage support (1.8 V and 3.3 V) carried over from DV‑MMC.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The full‑size enhanced format was marketed as MMCplus, while its smaller counterpart, matching the size of RS-MMC, was known as MMCmobile. Cards have 13 flat electrical contacts to support 8‑bit data buses.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both formats maintained backward compatibility with devices with standard MMC readers, though without support for some of their advanced features.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The MMCmicro format featured a compact 14 by 12 by 1.1 millimetres (0.551 in × 0.472 in × 0.043 in) form factor to compete with microSD cards. It supported dual-voltage and high-speed 4‑bit operation, though it lacked the pins required for an 8‑bit bus. MMCmicro cards could be used with an adapter for use in full-size MMC slots.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MiCard">MiCard</h3></div>

<p>The <b>miCARD</b> <b>(Multiple Interface Card)</b> was a high‑capacity MMC variant proposed in 2007 that could be plugged directly into a USB port eliminating the need for dedicated card slots or separate card readers and could be used in standard MMC/SD slots via an adapter.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The card would have been slightly smaller than a RS-MMC/MMCmobile card, but larger than MMCmicro at 21 by 12 by 1.95 millimetres (0.827 in × 0.472 in × 0.077 in).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite backing from several Taiwanese companies, MiCard never reached mass production.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Embedded_MMC">Embedded MMC </h2></div>

<p>The <b>embedded MultiMediaCard</b> (<b>eMMC</b>, officially branded as <i>e</i>•MMC) is a type of internal storage that integrates <a href="NAND_flash" class="mw-redirect" title="NAND flash">NAND flash</a> memory,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a buffer, and a controller into a single <a href="Ball_grid_array" title="Ball grid array">ball grid array</a> (BGA) package. Unlike other forms of removable card-based MMC storage, eMMC is permanently soldered onto a device's <a href="Printed_circuit_board" title="Printed circuit board">printed circuit board</a> (PCB) and is not user-removable or upgradeable. The onboard controller manages tasks such as error correction and data handling, reducing the workload on the device's main processor. eMMC chips use an 8-bit parallel interface and are available in various physical sizes and storage capacities.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The eMMC standard was first introduced by the JEDEC Solid State Technology Association in 2006 with version 4.0, which adapted the original card-based MMC specification for embedded (non-removable) and mobile applications.<sup id="cite_ref-TechTarget_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TechTarget-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2007 and 2012, the version 4 standard was revised multiple times to improve performance and introduce features such as <a href="Secure_Erase" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Erase">secure erase</a> and on-system <a href="Patch_(computing)" title="Patch (computing)">firmware updates</a>. Version 5.0, released in 2013, introduced the HS400 interface mode, enabling theoretical data transfer speeds of up to 400 MB/s, along with enhancements to reliability and boot performance. This was followed by version 5.1 in 2015, which added <a href="Command_queue" title="Command queue">command queuing</a> and further reliability improvements.<sup id="cite_ref-WindowsCentral2024_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WindowsCentral2024-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most recent update, version 5.1A, was released in 2019 and included minor refinements to the standard.<sup id="cite_ref-JEDEC_2019_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JEDEC_2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>eMMC became widely used as the primary storage medium in early <a href="Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a>, and later in low-cost <a href="Laptop_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Laptop computer">laptop computers</a>, <a href="Chromebook" title="Chromebook">Chromebooks</a>, <a href="Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet computers</a>, and other compact computing devices. While it was gradually supplanted in higher-performance devices by alternatives such as Universal Flash Storage (UFS) in smartphones and solid-state drives (SSDs) in computers, eMMC continued to be used in entry-level products due to its low cost,<sup id="cite_ref-eMMC_Chips_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eMMC_Chips-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> compact form factor, low power consumption, and adequate performance for everyday tasks such as web browsing, email, and video streaming.<sup id="cite_ref-WindowsCentral2024_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WindowsCentral2024-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>While eMMC is faster and more power-efficient than traditional <a href="Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">hard disk drives</a>, it is slower than most SSDs, especially those using <a href="NVMe" class="mw-redirect" title="NVMe">NVMe</a> over <a href="PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a>. These speed limitations make it less suited for applications involving large files or intensive computing needs, such as gaming or video editing. Its lack of upgradeability also limits its appeal in more advanced systems, as users cannot replace or expand storage after purchase.<sup id="cite_ref-WindowsCentral2024_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WindowsCentral2024-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<caption>eMMC versions<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</caption>

<th>Version

</th>

<th>Introduced

</th>

<th>Sequential read (MB/s)

</th>

<th>Sequential write (MB/s)

</th>

<th>Random read (<a href="IOPS" title="IOPS">IOPS</a>)

</th>

<th>Random write (IOPS)

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>4.3

</th>

<td>2007

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>4.5

</th>

<td>2012

</td>

<td>150

</td>

<td>50

</td>

<td>7,000

</td>

<td>2,000

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>5.0

</th>

<td>2013

</td>

<td>250

</td>

<td>90

</td>

<td>7,000

</td>

<td>13,000

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>5.1

</th>

<td>2015

</td>

<td>250

</td>

<td>125

</td>

<td>11,000

</td>

<td>13,000

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><br>

Higher capacity variants of eMMC reach higher writing speeds. While the reading speed of eMMC 5.0 remains constant at 250 MB/s throughout its storage options, a 64 GB eMMC 5.0 writes at up to 90 MB/s, more than six times faster than the 14 MB/s of the lowest storage option of 4 GB.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_formats">Similar formats</h2></div>

<p>In 2004, a group of companies—including <a href="Seagate_Technology" title="Seagate Technology">Seagate</a> and <a href="Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a>—introduced an interface called <a href="CE-ATA" title="CE-ATA">CE-ATA</a> for small form factor hard disk drives.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This interface was electrically and physically compatible with the MMC specification. However, support for further development of the standard ended in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The game card format used on the <a href="PlayStation_Vita" title="PlayStation Vita">PlayStation Vita</a> was found to be based on the MMC standard, but with a different pinout and support for custom initialization commands as well as copy protection.<sup id="cite_ref-vitadump_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vitadump-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_memory_cards" title="Comparison of memory cards">Comparison of memory cards</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Multi_Media_Card" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Multi Media Card">Multi Media Card</a></span>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jedec.org/standards-documents/technology-focus-areas/flash-memory-ssds-ufs-emmc/e-mmc">eMMC Standard</a> – JEDEC.org</li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Memory_cards34" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Memory_cards34" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Memory_card" title="Memory card">Memory cards</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Memory_card_reader" title="Memory card reader">Memory card reader</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_memory_cards" title="Comparison of memory cards">Comparison of memory cards</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CompactFlash" title="CompactFlash">CompactFlash</a> (CF, CFast, <a href="CFexpress" title="CFexpress">CFexpress</a>)</li>

<li><a href="ExpressCard" title="ExpressCard">Express Card</a></li>

<li><a href="JEIDA_memory_card" title="JEIDA memory card">JEIDA</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_Stick" title="Memory Stick">Memory Stick</a> (MS, MS-PRO, MS-PRO HG, MS-XC)</li>

<li><a href="MiCard" class="mw-redirect" title="MiCard">miCard</a></li>

<li><a href="Microdrive" title="Microdrive">Microdrive</a> (MD)</li>

<li><a href="Miniature_Card" title="Miniature Card">MiniCard</a></li>

<li><a href="Nano_Memory" title="Nano Memory">Nano Memory</a> (NM)</li>

<li><a href="P2_(storage_media)" title="P2 (storage media)">P2</a> (<a href="MicroP2" title="MicroP2">MicroP2</a>)</li>

<li><a href="PC_Card" title="PC Card">PC Card</a> (PCMCIA, CardBus, CardBay)</li>

<li><a href="Secure_Digital" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Digital">Secure Digital</a> (SDSC, SDHC, SDXC)</li>

<li><a href="SmartMedia" title="SmartMedia">SmartMedia</a> (SM)</li>

<li><a href="Universal_Flash_Storage" title="Universal Flash Storage">Universal Flash Storage</a> (UFS)</li>

<li><a href="XD-Picture_Card" title="XD-Picture Card">xD-Picture</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-30" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=MultiMediaCard&oldid=1298086943">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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